Biography of Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free

Biography of Abraham capital of Nebraska EssayAbraham capital of Nebraska (see Fig. 1), the United responsibilitys sixteenth President, has productively led his nation through its most delicate crisis the American well-mannered War. He was eventually assassinated as the war was coming to a halt. Abraham capital of Nebraska was a lawyer, a Legislator in the Illinois State, and a manse of Representatives member. He was the proponent in the fight against slavery in the United States and in 1861 won the government activity. 1 During his term in office, he contri excepted much of his causa in the preservation of the United States by defeating the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.He introduced countermeasures that led to the abolishwork forcet of slavery on his emancipation contract in 1863, though various criticisms was put unto him by the opponents of war (also called copperheads), and the faction of the Republican Party called the Radical Republic ans. He also promoted the passage of the Thirteenth organisation Amendment, which was ratified by the states afterwards after his death. Figure 1. Photograph of Abraham Lincoln During the war, Lincoln closely monitored the proceedings, choosing on his have the top Generals that will lead the army.He successfully handled the factions on the Republican Party, and defused the so-called war scare of 1861 with the United Kingdom. Under his intense leadership, the Union was able to take control of the slave demonstrate states when the war was about to start. As the war was about to end, he viewed a concept of reconstruction to speed up the unification of the nation through policies on reconciliation. His towering assassination in 1865 was the first conducted assassination in the United States history. The incident made him a kill and an epitome of national unification. Early flavorAbraham Hanks Lincoln, son of Nancy Hanks and Thomas Lincoln, was born on a small cabin in a spring fa rm in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. The area was the called Hardin County simply now a part of the LaRue County. This made him the first United States President to be born outside the initial Thirteen Colonies. His ancestor was originally from mammy in Hingham, but later departed westward up to the Virginia states to the frontier (see Fig. 2). Figure 2. Symbolic representation of the Cabin log where Lincoln was born 2 His father initially bought the spring farm for $200 and became a respected citizen of Kentucky.The family belonged to a Baptist church (Hardshell), though Abraham never joined whatsoever church including of his own family. In 1816, his family was forced to depart to a new County (the Perry County) in Indiana. This move can be accounted for the existing slavery conditions, and land difficulties in Kentucky wherein people had a hard time securing land titles and properties. In 1830, the family decided to settle on Illinois in Macon County due to problem in land title , and and so later transferred in Coles County, Illinois. He was about 9 yrs.old when his mother died of milk illness, and soon his father re-married Sarah Bush Johnston. Though affectionate on his stepmother, his status towards his father was distant. 3 Lincoln was known to be a self-educated psyche and only attended 18 months of formal education. He was an athletic person standing 6 foot 4 inches, and also an active wrestler, and skilled on using axes. He was also concerned on animal offbeat by significantly avoiding fishing and hunting. At the age of 22, the young Lincoln set forth on his fortune by eagerly canoeing on the Sangamon River to tense up the impertinently Salem village.Denton Offut, later that year, hired Lincoln as goods transporter from New Salem towards Sangamon by using flatboat. Early Military Service and insurance policy-making Career In 1832, Abraham Lincoln started his political career at the age of 23 as an affiliate of the Whig party. Though unsucces sful on his first campaign, he proposed on the navigational enhancements of the Sangamon River. He believed that the improvement would open the door for trading utilizing the river and will eventually improved sea traffic.During the Black Hawk War, he was pick out as captain of the Illinois militia that eventually gave him a sense of satisfaction. He then managed a small store for several months before winning a slot on the state legislature in 1834. 4 This gave him the opportunity to come across the Laws of England and eventually inspired him to self educate. In 1837, he was admitted to the quit and began his practice of law together with John T. Stuart. He developed a reputation of macrocosm a redoubtable antagonist on cross-examinations and closing arguments then later on became a successful and able lawyer.He was able to serve four terms in the House of Representatives in Illinois being the articulation of the Sangamon County. He made his first dispute on slavery in the Hous e in 1837, emphasizing that the society was founded on both bad policy and injustices. This was also the year where he met his close friend, Joshua Fry Speed. He then started writing unknown earns in 1842 on the Sangamon journal, scornful of the Democrat and State auditor James Shields. Marriage and Family Lincoln married Marry Todd (see Fig. 3) on November 4, 1842 who was the daughter of a well-known slave-owner family coming from Kentucky.The couple had several offsprings but only one had survived towards adulthood, Robert Todd Lincoln was born on August 1, 1843 at Springfield Illinois the other children that died either during their teen years or aboriginal years were Edward Baker (born March 10, 1846 and died February 1, 1850), William Wallace Lincoln (born December 21, 1850 and died February 20, 1862), and Thomas Lincoln (born April 4, 1853 and died July 16, 1871). Figure 2. Photograph of Mary Lincoln Legislative Activity In 1846, Lincoln was elected as a member of the United States House of Representatives.As a neophyte member, he was not predominantly influential or a powerful figure. Nonetheless, he relentlessly argued his objections on the Mexican-American War. He eventually challenged the then President Polks desire of a military haven and eagerly demanded for a resolution to know the exact spot on the US area the blood was first spilled. After two weeks, President Polk sent a letter of peace treaty to the Congress. 5 Lincoln later on damaged his political figure when he made a speech on the killings of children, women, and men of those murderers and demons, and God has forgotten to shield the innocent and the weak.This statement drew outrage among the Democrats and was held against him when he applied for a post in the administration of President Taylor. He decided to give up his political activities for a number of years and concentrated on practicing law. In his practice of law in the mid-1850, Abraham Lincoln handled a broad amount of possibi litys focusing on different aspects. Some were common but others were celebrated such as the case of the Alton and Sangamon railroad of 1851, the civil case of Hurd V. Rock Island Bridge Company, the criminal trial of William Anderson, to name a few.Lincoln was involved in approximately 5,000 cases during his 23 years of practicing law during which he appeared virtually 400 times on the Supreme Court of Illinois State. Republican Politics Abraham Lincoln returned to politics as a reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which was authored by Stephen Douglas of the Democrat. Douglas argued that in a democratic settings the people have the right to choose whether or not their state will allow slavery or not, and the Congress should not call in any decisions on them. Lincoln argued on the matter and open a new Republican Party.Accepting his nomination as a Republican Senator in 1858, Lincoln delivered his famous speech where it created a reminiscent image of the possible break up or di sunion caused by the slave issue. The 1860 Presidential Election Lincoln was then elected as the Republican candidate for the 1860 Presidential elections. The bearings why he was elected as the candidate stood on the premise of his stand on slavery, in addition to his perceived western origins. It was thought of he could get the West and the North was the distressed party.During the electoral campaign, Lincoln did not make any speeches for many of the Republicans handled their own State and County. Little effort was made to alter non-Republicans, and in that location were no relative campaigns in the South. alone in the North, a large campaign took place with Republicans speaking on assemblies, leaflets, and editorial newspapers were eminent. 6 The campaign focused on the platform of the party, on Lincolns childhood and his find from poverty, it also showcased his natural gift of intelligence and was given several nicknames such as Rail-Splitter and Honest Abe.The campaign also emphasized on how a common farm boy can rise to adversity and become successful in life. After the election, Lincoln won the Presidency garnering a vast 39. 9% of the total votes, next is Douglas with 29. 5% of the total votes. Presidency and Civil War After Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency n 1860, several uprisings were eminent coming from the South. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina took the first step to leave the Union, and soon followed afterwards by six other States in the South. These seven States established a new nation called the Confederate States of America.The new nation consists the States of Maryland, Delaware, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Virginia, The newly elected President Lincoln and former President Buchanan both refused to eff the newly established confederacy. Though there were several attempts to compromise, such as the Crittenden Compromise, but President Lincoln denounced the proposal and maintained his position for a interconne cted States. He successfully evaded the assassination plot on him in Baltimore on February 23, 1861 and on his inauguration as President on March 4, 1861.Sizable serviceman of German- American Turners were front-lined during on his first inaugural Address. He emphasized on a unified State with strong reference on the United States constitution. But even though he exerted tremendous effort to maintain a unified State, the Confederacy was able to establish itself therefore compromise seemed to be impossible. The fatal happened on April 1861 when the Union phalanx were forced to give up the Fort Surnter and eventually surrender. The event forced President Lincoln to call some 75,000 troops to restore the forts, protect the capital state, and eventually preserved the Union.Almost 18,000 rebels were arrested and held in prison, at the same time President Lincoln negotiated with the uprising States. In July 1862, the guerrilla Confiscation Act was implemented liberating the slaves owne d by the rebels. The goal of the Act was to weaken the confusion, which was relatively controlled and led by slave owners. This new law was termed the Emancipation Proclamation, had the support of the Congress for the enactment. To end slavery was the primary objective of Abraham Lincolns administration, but the American people were relatively slow to power play the idea.The Act took effect in January 1, 1863 and slaves were freed on territories not under the control of the Union. As the army of the Union continued to march south, more and more slaves were freed until almost the entire Confederates army (mostly slaves) was liberated (approximate 3 Million people). During the war, the Battle of Gettysburg was considered the most devastating and bloodiest among the casualties of both parties. It has brought a big blow to Lincolns effort towards war and sentiments greatly rose on the war and to President Lincoln.Though political sentiments were eminent, Lincoln was able to establish victories on Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and battle of Chattanooga major victory was at hand. The Confederate army continued to weaken but with high casualties on the part of the Union. As the next election was near, there were fear and doubts if Lincoln would be able to sustain his leadership and win again. At the Republican convention, He was then again elected to run for Presidency alongside with Andrew Johnson. They were able to unite the War Democrats and the Republicans under a new-formed Union Party.Lincoln, with the concern of having the possibility of being defeated, made a pledge that if so he would continue to beat the Confederate before turning over the post. This pledge was sealed and signed by him and all of the representatives of the Republican Party. The eventual splitting of the parliamentary Party led to the landslide victory of Lincoln garnering a total of 212 out of 233 electoral votes. He outstandingly delivered his second inaugural speech on March 4, 1865 with the victory over the Confederacy was eminent, the slavery was abolished, and he was looking forward for a new future of the Nation.Reconstruction began and his subordinates initiated the integration of the Southern States, what would be the course of action towards the defeated Confederate leaders, and also for the slaves who were freed. Amnesties were given and each affected State was under reconstruction policies. Governors were appointed on Louisiana, Tennessee, and Arkansas. The war has formally ended on April 9, 1865 with the Confederate surrendered at the court house in Appromatox. The other rebels also surrendered and there have been no any signs of rising second conflict.During the war, Lincoln has subsequently used his political powers formed a blockade, suspended relatively the writ of habeas corpus, used huge amount of money without any self-assurance from Congress, imprisoned without trial some 18,000 alleged Confederate leaders and sympathizers. Assassination Though Linco ln was able to unite the States and abolished slavery, many of his detractors were eagerly anticipating a security or a possible assassination plot against him. 7 On April 14, 1865, John Wikes Booth, a Confederate spy, shot Lincoln to the head.With only a case-by-case bodyguard on his post, Booth waited for the main line of the play, Our American Cousin, where the audience would be all laughing. He hoped that the magnitude of the audiences laughter would camouflage the gunshot noise. As the main line was told, Booth immediately jumped on the state box and shot Lincoln at point blank. Major Henry Rathbone struggled with Booth but eventually was injured by Booths knife. He jumped from the box to escape and was chased by Federal agents. A nationwide manhunt were conducted for 12 days before he was consequently cornered and shot in a barn house at Virginia, he died soon after.Abraham Lincoln, with a bullet on his skull was comatose for 9 hours before finally death crossed his path on April 15, 1865. His remains were returned to the White House and laid inside the East room. A train in a funeral grand procession passing through several states on its journey back to Illinois carried his body. Several bronze statues of himself and the tomb stood at 54 m. tall surrounded the Lincoln Tomb located at Oak Ridge Cemetery. To prevent continuous attempts to steal and hold Lincolns cadaver for ransom, Robert Lincoln decided to exhume the body of his father and re-buried back with several feet thick of concrete encasement.His death consequently made him a martyr and repeated polls indicated him as one of the most popular and greatest President of the United States. 8 He was clearly personified as an epitome of determine in terms of integrity, honesty, love for freedom, respect for minority and individual rights. He was named after several corporations and structures such as the Lincoln subject Corporation, the aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln, and the ballistic missile Ab raham Lincoln, to name a few.He had several memorial statues in different States, his birthday was declared a Presidents holiday, the Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery, and the Abraham Lincoln Memorial (see figure 3). Figure 3. The Abraham Lincoln Memorial Abraham Lincoln, the orator and the great debater, can be considered one of the finest Presidents of the United States. Having the gift of extraordinary knowledge, being formally educated only for 18 months, he diligently worked hard and self-studied to become a successful lawyer. He represents the common people that strived and worked hard to strain ones ambition.He was the pioneer in the attempt to abolished slavery, he was an advocate of human rights, and strength fully kept and re-united the States in times of rebellion and uprisings. His death, being the first U. S. President to be assassinated, was symbolic and paved the way for him to become an icon of peace, honesty, respect, and love for freedom. References 1 Thomas, Ben jamin T. 1952. Abraham Lincoln A Biography. University Press, 18. 2 Kunhardt, Philip G. 1992. Lincoln An Illustrated Biography. Gramercy Books New York, 324 450. 3 Lea, Henry James D. 1909.The Ancestry of Abraham Lincoln. Houghton Miffin, 65. 4 Goodwin, Doris K. 2005. Team of Rivals The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. McGraw Hill, 101. 5 Waugh, John C. 2007. One Man Great Enough Abraham Lincolns Road to Civil War. Harcourt Publishing, 156. 6 Donald, David E. 2003. Lincoln Reconsidered Essay on the Civil War Era. Simon and Schuster, 176. 7 Gienapp, William C. 2002. Abraham Lincoln and Civil War America A Biography. McGraw Hill Publishing, 267. 8 Basler, Roy L. 1955. Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Rutgers University Press, 67.

Rebecca and the Short Story the Tell-Tale Heart Convey Gothic Themes Essay Example for Free

Rebecca and the Short Story the Tell-Tale Heart Convey black letter Themes EssayThe Gothic genre is a style of hold and literary works that expresses themes of madness, death, darkness, romance and obsession. Although Rebecca and The Tell- Tale Heart ar fitted to the Gothic genre, the composers have played similar themes in different ways. Obsession in Rebecca is that of Mrs Danvers, who is obsessed to the point it drives her mad. She would do anything to become Rebecca back. Whereas in Poes defraud story the narrator is so obsessed with the eye of an old man he would do anything, including commit murder to arrive at rid of it. Alfred Hitchcocks film, Rebecca is a psychological thriller that uses cinematic techniques such as pathetic fallacy, characterization, motifs and lighting to convey gothic themes of madness and obsession. In contrast, Edgar Allen Poes short story The Tell- Tale Heart uses literary techniques such as narration and figurative language to successfully convey these same themes. While both composers convey Gothic themes of madness and obsession they communicate each with different techniques. Also the characters that they have created are portrayed as dealing with madness and obsession precise differently.In the film Rebecca, the different characters scoopful and Mrs Danvers are use to explore the Gothic theme of madness. Hitchcock manipulates the frame in key scenes, by making Maxs body language suggest his nervousness, worry, anger and the need to ease himself. Max goes on to acknowledge, Perhaps I am mad. This declaration sums up the theory that something bothers Max, and that it is obviously taking a toll on him. Hitchcock depicts the sincere and loyal personality of Max as hiding something which changes his personality and domineering status. This is used to explore the gothic theme of madness and the effects that it has on Max.However, Mrs Danvers obsession leads her to commit acts of madness. Towards the send away of the film Mrs Danvers burns down the mansion while she is becalm inside, inevitably killing herself in an attempt to bring justice to the long dead Rebecca. The final scene of the burning mansion and the screaming Mrs Danvers is symbolic of her madness, which was insecure and not dissimilar from satanic worship. Poes The Tell- Tale Heart, also explores the gothic theme of madness. By writing in first person, Poe makes the story very narrow, as it fits only the narrators thoughts and reasoning.The narrator repeatedly claims he is not mad and that it is not madness that drives him, but instead it is the right thing to do. but he continues to question, How then, am I mad? Although there is only one point of view throughout the story, the narrator seems to talk to readers. He tries to persuade readers who are essentially his conscience that he is sane. Rather than convincing readers that he is sane, he verifies that he is indeed mad. By writing in first person, it is easy to control wh at is going through the narrators mind. He emphasizes his madness and denial.Towards the end of the story the narrator behaves as if he is haunted and guilty, I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer. He begins to imagine things that arent really there and reaches the point at which he can no longer hide his secret. wherefore he is essentially confessing in the hope of freeing his conscience. Poes character is one who denies madness, whereas Hitchcocks character embraces the idea. In addition, both Hitchcock and Poe successfully convey the Gothic theme of obsession. Hitchcock develops the menacing and lingering Mrs Danvers as a conniving character with an unnatural adoration for Rebecca.This is made apparent when Mrs De wintertime catches Mrs Danvers in the mode of Rebecca. The room has been kept to the precise orders of the late Rebecca. Mrs Danvers admiringly recounts all Rebecca had requested, I kept her furs in here Put it against your face. Its soft isnt it? You can tactile property it cant you? The scent is still fresh isnt it? The kinship between Mrs Danvers and the late Rebecca quickly escalates to become one that transgresses the normal. Mrs Danvers continues to hold onto the obsessive relationship and twisted love she shared with Rebecca.Mrs Danvers still longs for Rebecca who is no longer alive. The tone and language that Mrs Danvers uses when speaking to Mrs De Winter is short and proper. She seems to deliberately want to make Mrs De Winter feel uneasy with herself and incomparable to Rebecca. Even though Rebecca is dead, she is an increasingly large figure throughout the film. Her power is not drawn physically, but from the relationship she had with Mrs Danvers and the faithfulness Mrs Danvers has for her. With the presence of Mrs Danvers, and the motif of her R embroidery, there is a heavy feeling of Rebecca still being alive and never going away.The obsession that Mrs Danvers has for Rebecca may not be one of violence and hate, bu t it is still menacing, off-putting and frightening, right up to the end. The obsession in Poes short story and Hitchcocks film both end similarly. The main character from The Tell- Tale Heart has an unhealthy obsession just like Mrs Danvers, It haunted me day and night I work out it was the eye Yes it was this After ridding himself of the eye, a motif on the narrators obsession which is similar to the motif of Rebecca, his obsession has only shifted to concealing the crime he has committed.The narrator focuses all his power and attention to an eye, which causes him much annoyance, and an unbearable need to destroy it. His obsession with the eye and how it makes him feel, leads him to agree with himself in that it must be stopped. It is as if his obsession clouds his judgment of what is right and wrong. Even though Poe conveys the old man as how the narrator sees him, a reader can interpret the true swearing as being the narrator. Poe conveys the narrators obsession by emphasizin g every thought that has crossed his mind and how he spends much time and energy, taking care to deal with his obsession and fear.Eventually Poes character like Max also tries to conceal his crime but ends with a guilty confession. In conclusion, the key characters of Rebecca and The Tell- Tale Heart all portray the Gothic themes of madness and obsession. Each character plays a different role Mrs Danvers is drawn up as a conniving madwoman who meets her deserved death. In contrast, Poes character is mad from the beginning as a result of an unhealthy obsession. He meets his own end voluntarily as he confesses his guilt.

Community Health Partnerships Essay Example for Free

Community Health Partnerships EssayCommunity Social groups of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, division government, and often nurse a common cultural and historical heritage. A social, religious, occupational, or other group sharing common characteristics or interest and perceive or perceiving itself as distinct in some respect from the larger gild within which it exist ( Stanhope Lancaster, 2012). Community Health Refers to the wellness status of a defined group of people, or association, and the actions and conditions that protect and improve the health of the community. Those individuals who make up a community live in a somewhat localise area under the same general regulations, norms, values, and organizations. For example, the health status of the people living in a particular town, and the actions taken to protect and improve the health of these residents would constitute community health (Green Ottoson, 1999). ). Community Health is the meeting of collective needs by identifying problems and managing behaviors within the community itself and between the community and the larger society (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012).Community as Client The concept of community as client is based on the assumption that community nursing practice is community oriented, seek healthful change for the whole community. The community is a client only when the nursing focus is on the collective of common good of the population rather of on individual health (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012).Community Health Partnerships defines as voluntary collaborations of diverse community organizations, which have joined forces in order to pursue a shared interest in improving community health. Community Health Partnerships differ from traditional community organizations in their mix of public and private members and they alter from grass roots organizations with their inclusion of multiple constituents and stakeholders. (McKenzie Smeltzer, 1997) Lay community mem bers have a vested interest in the success of efforts to improve the health of their community. Lay community members who are recognized as community leaders also possess credibility and skills that health professionals lack. Therefore, successful strategies for improvingcommunity health must embarrass community partnerships as the basic means, or key, for improvement (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012).Overall impression of participating familys community and environment is an inner suburb of New York metropolis named Hackensack, New Jersey, a city in Bergan County, New Jersey. Located 12 miles north west of Midtown Manhattan and about seven miles from the George Washington Bridge, from a number of locations, you usher out see the New York City skyline. The Metropolitan campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University borders the Hackensack River. The city is known for a great diversity of neighborhoods and land uses existing in very close propinquity of each other. Within its borders are a mass ive medical center, a trendy high-rise district about a mile long, classic suburban neighborhoods of single family homes, stately older homes on acre-plus lots, older two family neighborhoods, large garden apartments complexes, industrial areas, the Bergan Count Jail, a tidal river, and Hackensack River County Park. Cultural Diversity and unprotected Populations present in the Community The racial make-up of the city was White, African American, Native American, Asian, Pacific Islanders, Hispanic or Latino. My participating family consists of an African American cleaning woman C.R. 68 years young whose family lineage is African American and Dutch, shares a lovely suburban two- family home with her daughter K. R. who is 48 years young and her carriage partner S. M. who is thirty nine years young and a native of the British Virgin Islands. It is my understanding from the family that same sex households are most sure as shooting part of the community as well as interracial couples. The home is very nicely decorated, well-kept and the grounds are well manicured. The fact that the junior ladies are a same sex couple makes them part of a vulnerable population. I asked if there were any prejudice or pressure they have from the neighborhood regarding their lifestyle? They both responded there is no pressure or prejudice put upon them. I must mention the time I have begun to spend with them, talking and observing their behaviors with one another, I have to say, there is more love between the two of them than some heterosexual couples have in their little finger for each other and they are not embarrassed by their life style nor do they hide who they are. They are both comely people inside and out. Aspects of the Community that could affect residents health Thefactor in the community that could affect health is the fact that there are many industrial areas surrounding the communities. The chemicals, fumes, and gases that are put into the air of the community and i nhaled by all potentially could be of danger to the community. The County Jail and the potential of escaped criminals pose a threat to the community Flooding is a potential threat during hurricanes and storms. Reproductive and Sexual Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health is relevant to the community in that the goal is to deem and improve health and well-being. LGBT individuals encompass all races and ethnicities, religions, and social classes. Eliminating health disparities and enhancing efforts to improve health are necessary to ensure that LGBT individuals can lead long goodish lives (healthy 2020),REFERENCESGreen, L.W., Ottoson, J. M. (1999). Community and Population Health, (8th ed.) Boston WCB/McGraw-Hill McKenzie, J. F., Smeltzer, J.L. (1997). Planning, Implementing and Evaluating Health Promotion Programs A Primer (2nd ed.), Boston Allyn Bacon. Stanhope, M., Lancaster, J. (2008) (8th ed,). Population-Centered Health Care in the Community. St. Louis, MO. http//www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics

Relationship Between Teacher And Students

Relationship Between Teacher And StudentsSimilarly according to Moloi et al. (as cited in Mtika Gates, 2010), throng give out is one of the strategies that place be useful in assimilator-centered approaches. It does non only help students to discuss and shargon ideas with each other, scarcely it also helps to improve students understanding of some concepts and devise their communication skills. In the student-centered classroom, the teacher has to think of students needs and the classroom is considered as a place where students work together, in groups and as individualists by encouraging them to inquire part in the erudition transition all the time (Jones, 2007). In the student-centered classroom, the teacher should be intimate well-nigh their students background. Teachers should consider what they may know or do not know about their students because it helps to create the classroom conditions that argon responsive to the learning needs of the students (Hodson, 2002). F urthermore, in mixer constructivist classrooms the relationship between teacher and students are much more dynamically involved, so that the teachers role is much more demanding to allow and actively promote recognition, evaluation, and reconstruction (Gunstone and Northfield as cited in Hand et al., 1997). The size of it for utile student-centered classrooms passel be organized into large group (class with 25-30 students), medium size (5-8 students), small group (3-5 students), pair group (2 students) and a teacher and a student (only in special condition) (MoEYS, 2002a). Furthermore, classroom arrangements, especially classroom space and resources like chairs and tables for large group activities are also important because appropriate resources helps to embody the effectiveness and efficiency of command to the students.2. 4 Definition of the Student-Centered Approaches to Learning The terms student-centered approachesand learner-centered approachesto learning are the same an d whilst some articles use the term student-centered approaches and other articles used the term learner-centered approaches, the two terms were used interchangeably. Both terms focus on the needs of students who as learners are actively involved in the learning process (Utecht, 2003). The term student-centered approaches is used in this study because this term is formally applied in Cambodian curriculum and ministry educational literature. Moreover, the student-centered approaches are broader for example, a student can be defined as learner, but a learner may not be defined as student. For example, a man wants to know about the educational law in Cambodia, so the man can go to library or search in the MoEYS website to read and learn about the law. The man therefore is not a student, but he is a learner. The student-centered approaches to learning are defined as precept methodologies associated with an approach to learning where students are the main characters in the learning proce ss, and actively learn in a socially interactive way (Brush Saye, 2000). The student-centered approaches are designed to assist students to learn stovepipe from meaningful life experiences, social interactions, and scientific experimentation (Pedersen Liu, 2003). The student-centered approaches to learning focus on individual students needs and growth, because these approaches are intended to develop the potential of all(prenominal) individual student and encourage their personal growth and interests (Morris, 1996). The student-centered approaches are also considered effective alternatives to the traditionalistic teacher-centered approaches. Similarly according to Courtney (2008), it looks very different from the traditional instructive teaching methods that are widely applied in Cambodia. These traditional teaching methods depend on the direct instruction of the teacher and verbal and written repetition with little emphasis on understanding but strong emphasis on memory and recall. Kember (as cited in ONeill McMahon, 2005) and Hirumi (2002) stated the student-centered approaches are in contrast to the traditional teacher-centered approaches. In the teacher-centered approaches, teachers are at the center of the learning and teaching process and provide instruction to students the students are the empty vessels into which the teacher pours their acquaintance. This view contrasts sharply to that of constructivist opening where we see that students are central to the learning process, they are not viewed as empty vessels but rather actively participate in making intimacy by thinking and solving problems for themselves, and developing their self-esteem that is essential for learning and decision-making throughout life (American Psychological Association, 1993 Hirumi, 2002 MoEYS, 2005). The core principle of the student-centered learning approaches is that students bring forth different abilities, needs, and interests for how they learn, and they const ruct association and meaning and learn in different ways (Brady, 2006 Murdoch Wilson, 2008 Hirumi, 2002). The American Psychological Association (1993) stated that students have various capabilities and interests for learning. Individuals are innate(p) with and develop unique capabilities and talents and have acquired through learning and social acculturation different preferences for how they like to learn and the pace at which they learn (American Psychological Association, 1993, p. 9). accord to Meyer Jones (as cited in Hirumi, 2002), in the class students talk, listen, write, read, and reflect on content, ideas, issues, and concerns in order to construct their own meaning. In student-centered environments, learners are given direct access to the cognition-base and work individually and in small groups to solve authentic problems (Hirumi, 2002, p. 506). Similarly, according to Jones (2007), a student-centered class is a place where students needs are considered, as a group an d as individuals, and students are encouraged to participate in the learning process all the time. At different times, students may work alone, in pairs, or in groups. As a theory of epistemology, constructivism proposes that students bring their existing experiences and beliefs, as well as world views and their cultural histories, into the learning process when they internally build knowledge by interacting with the environment (Yilmaz, 2008). Constructivism is considered as a process that students actively construct their knowledge upon knowledge that they already have (Motschnig-Pitrik Holzinger, 2002). Social constructivist, Vygotsky believed that learning is a social process in which learners developed understanding through interaction with the environment around them (Brush Saye, 2000, p. 5). According to Jonassen Duffy Jonassen (as cited in Brush Saye, 2000), the need for more student-centered learning activities have been promoted by the supporters of the constructivist epistemology of learning. In short, the key characteristics of the student-centered approaches to learning emphasize studentsprior knowledge and experience, developing Bloom Taxonomy thinking skills, especially critical thinking and problem solving, exploring individual learning needs and interests, promoting active student involvement, and developing motivation for life-long learning (American Psychological Association, 1993 Brush Saye, 2000 Hirumi, 2002 Mtika Gates, 2010). However, there is no single schema that helps students to have effective learning all the time and there is no teaching strategy that is better than others in every circumstance. Each teaching strategy has its strength and weakness, so teachers need to make decisions and chose teaching strategies that help their students to achieve the learning outcomes (Killen, 2003). Similarly according to Hab Em (2003), to choose and effectively apply a teaching strategy the teacher has to judge many times because selecti ng an appropriate teaching strategy is based on the decision whether we provide knowledge to students through direct instruction (teacher-centered approaches) or indirect facilitation (student-centered approaches).2. 5 Student-Centered Learning as Adopted by the Cambodian Ministry of Education 2.5.1 Vision of learning and teaching Learning has many styles such as learning by seeing, audience, writing, reading, watching television, self-experiment, practice, thinking, playing games, study tour and so on. These styles of learning provide knowledge to the learners. However different learning can have different result. Learners may produce different learning outcomes with a different learning style to another student (MoEYS, 2002b). For example, those who learn by listening will forget all or remember a little after several days. Those who just stand and see people swimming cannot swim, but if they learn to swim themselves, they can swim effectively. People therefore can do something when they involve themselves. According to Confucianism, it is believed that If you tell me, I will forget. If you show me, I may remember. But if you involve me, I can do and understand (MoEYS, 2008). The Cambodian governments vision of the purposes for learning and teaching roles has gradually changed between societies and from one a period of time to another (MoEYS, 2002a). Previous teaching methods considered effective and appropriate was when teachers were considered to be the knowledge providers. Teachers provided knowledge and told students, and students listened to teachers and followed teachers without developing their own ideas or understanding. In this consideration teachers had the power because they had the knowledge that students needed to be able to progress through the education system. This vision was later officially abandoned because the learning outcomes were considered unsuitable to both the needs of the country for skilled thinkers and they compared poorly to the wider international educational context. In the following period, another new teaching method was integrated called question and wait on method. The teacher raised questions and the students answered. This method was adopted in the belief that it would bring better results for students. The question and answer method was later changed and reformed to what was known as the active method because this method required much relationship between teacher and students. For the last vision, it was believed that creation only relationship between teacher and students was not enough. To have better result for students, relationship between students and students must be created in the teaching and learning process. Teachers have to prepare students to work in groups, so students can exchange their ideas, work cooperatively, and help each other in learning. This last vision is a very important part of student-centered approaches (Hab Em, 2003 Inspector, 2002 Ung, 2008). These approaches to learning and teaching shifted the power reposition of the teacher from one who held all the knowledge to a more equal one where teachers partner with, sometimes lead, their students into new understanding and knowledge. 2.5.2 article of faith and theory Theories that are applied and relevant to teaching and learning in the current Cambodian school system areLearning is creating new knowledgeLearning is exchanging experience (Inspector, 2002) The theories of learning above are also clearly identifiable as concepts of constructivism. Although constructivism is not a theory of learning, the principles have been applied by many educators in teaching and learning, especially, but not only, in science education (Han et al., 1997 Yilmaz, 2008). Constructivism emphasizes that knowledge and meaning are constructed by the human mind in effect learners create links between their existing knowledge and new experience and make new knowledge structures and meaning (Yilmaz, 2008). The role of te achers and students are changed by the adoption of the student-centered approaches to learning. Students are given greater responsibility for their learning and the teachers roles change where they become more coordinators or facilitators of the learning experiences. Students are encouraged to explore the knowledge by themselves and with other learners and the teachers help the learning process by showing students paths of knowledge. In this new role in the classroom, the teachers become part of the learning process and acts as a guide and a resource for the students (Utecht, 2003). Furthermore, the importance of school is to provide multiple opportunities to students to create knowledge and understanding by themselves through research, really experience and solving problems.

Overview of Mammography and its Importance

Over persuasion of Mammography and its ImportanceMammography is the radiographic imaging of the hearts. It is a special diagnostic and masking piece tool of the human chests. A mammography is done with specific x-ray equipment which is able to find tumors too small to be felt. Mammography examinations ultimate goal is the early undercover work of pinhead cancer, typically done commention of characteristics masses and / or micro calcifications. A mammogram is the best radiographic order available for early converges cancer detection. It is ideal and indispensable for women above the hop on of 40 years old, for whom the risk of breast cancer is increased. Like x-rays, mammogram uses doses of ionizing radiation to create roles hardly at trim dose amplitude-x-rays (most often around 0.7mSv). Radiologists then(prenominal) analyze the produced meets for any abnormalities. A perennial wavelength x-rays (typically Mo-K) is normally used for mammogram comp ared to those used i n radiography of bones. Like many other medical tests, mammograms are not 100% accurate. Therefore, a regular mammogram scheduling is needed to detect any early breasts changes before any obvious signs or symptoms show up. It is also scientifically proven that mammogram can reduce breast cancer mortality rate by much than a third. Despite its function in early detection of breast cancer, mammography has a false-negative (missed cancer) rate of at least ten percent. This is due to the dense tissue obscuring the cancer and the large overlap of cancer appearance in mammograms with normal tissues appearance.Mammography first started in 1960s. However, late mammography has only existed since 1969 when the first x-ray unit dedicated to breasts imaging was made available to the public. Such examination as a screening device became standard practice by the year of 1976. Mammography then continues to improve as paltryer dose of radiation able to detect smaller strength problem earlier. T hrough stunned the years, mammography has made advances to further improve its diagnostic ability. Digital mammography and computer aided detection are two examples of novel advances in the field of mammography. Digital mammography, also known as full field digital mammography (FFDM), is a mammography system in which solid-state detectors that convert x-rays to electrical signals replace the conventional x-ray film. These detectors are similar to those found in digital cameras where electrical signals produced are used to create images of breasts which are then project on a computer screen or printed on a special film similar to conventional mammograms. A digital mammogram is essentially the similar as a conventional film screen mammogram. Computer aided detection (CAD) systems help to detect abnormalities by using computer parcel. A digitized mammographic image that can be obtained either from a digitally acquired mammogram or a conventional film mammogram is used by the comput er aided systems. The computer software then searches for abnormal areas of mass, density or calcification that may indicate the presence of cancer. It spirited slatternlys the abnormal areas on the images, alerting the radiologists to the need of further analysis.A special mammography motorcar is used for the screening of breasts. The mold comprises of an x-ray tube connected to a breasts support which houses the film cassette or imaging device on a C shaped arm, with moveable compression paddle between the two. There are few standard functional requirements for the mammography machine in order to produce a good quality image. The high voltage generator of mammography machine shall supply a near direct current high voltage with ripple slight than 5 percent. some modern mammography machines have a automatic selection for kilo voltage (kVp) output in order to optimize contrast. The generator produces a constant potential and the high voltage applied to the tube must be from 22 t o 35kVp in increments of 1kVp. The focal spot size of mammography machine should be as small as possible to ensure adequate resolution. A focal spot size of 0.3mm is recommendable for general mammography and 0.1mm (small focus) for enlargement gets. The tube current of mammography machine should be set as high as possible in order to minimize exposure time and thusly reducing the likelihood of deed artifact. A moving grid with grid factor of less than 2.5 at 30 kVp is essential to ensure optimum image quality. An automatic exposure obligate (AEC) is important in mammography machine. This is due to the wide variation in breasts sizes and compositions. There is little scope for mAs selection errors as at that place is a need for high radiographic contrast and consequently the system has low latitude. As for image recording material, most of the mammography facilities are still utilizing traditional cassettes, intensifying screens and individual emulsion film with processing be ing taking place. Mammography usually uses cassette containing a single intensifying screen and the film which is usually green sensitive has a single emulsion layer. Both these equipment are essential to give optimum resolution. A mammography film requires high spatial resolution. It should has enough speed to ensure that the dose is refreshing without being so fast that it causes visible quantum mottle and high contrast with enough latitude to show some(prenominal) dense glandular tissue and the bark edge. Quality control, assurance programs and strict processing parameters are vital to ensure the standard in film quality is not compromised. Any reduction in film quality may lead to misinterpretation of image and incorrect diagnosis. In the modern days, digital mammography is slowing making its way to the imaging field. This modern modality has some advantages over the conventional film mammography. The examination time and time between examining patient ofs decreases as chemi cal processing and changeover of cassette is no longer necessary. Markers can be applied on image digitally. Images produced can also be manipulated. One of the major advantages of image manipulation is the ability for image outburst with significantly less unsharpness compared to those associated with macro or magnification images that are sometimes required to demonstrate suspicious areas already seen on mammograms. Unlike the conventional magnification views, digital magnification does not involve an additional exposure to radiation. endurings are required to do some preparations prior to a mammography examination. Fasting or manifestation in particular dietetic rules days before mammogram examination is not necessary. However, for women sensitive to caffeine, they shall refrain from taking caffeine containing products such as cola, chocolate and deep brown two weeks before undergoing the test. This is because caffeine could make the breasts more tender which may proceed the quality of radiograph. Menstrual cycle phase usually does not affect the outcome of the examination. However, it is also highly recommendable to schedule for mammogram one week following patients menstrual cycle. This is so as the breasts are less tender compared to that during pre-ovulatory and postovulatory period (half cycle) as well as during premenstrual period. It is also advisable for patients to wear two piece clothing on examination day to ease the undressing process for mammogram. Cosmetics, oils, creams, application program and talc or deodorant must not be applied hours prior to test at the underarms and breasts areas. Failure in doing so may end in those appearing in mammogram as calcium spots. Patients are also encouraged to bring along all previous mammograms for comparison purposes by the radiologist. Most often, mammograms are done on older patients compared to younger patients. this is due to the breast tissue changes during life. The breast tissue density in you nger women often makes mammogram sooner difficult to interpret. However, as women age increases, some changes in the structure of breasts occurs as glandular and fibrous tissues reduce in size and this results in breasts tissues become more fatty. On the examination day, a simple interview with the patients is conducted before the examination takes place. They will be asked on any prior surgeries invoice, family or personal history of breasts cancer as well as hormone use. It is also the responsibility of the radiographer or technologist to enquire the patients last menstrual period as to catch out whether the patient is pregnant. Pregnant patients are not recommendable for such examination. Upon completion of the short interview, patients are then ushered to change into hospital gown and remove all potential artifact before proceeding for the examination.When the examination takes place, the breast is compressed using compression paddle on the mammography unit. A parallel plate c ompression evens out the breast tissue. Compression of breast reduces the thickness of tissue that x-rays penetrate, decreases the amount of scattered radiation, and reduces the required radiation dose and holding the breast (remove movement unsharpness) still and thus improving the image quality. Both craniocaudal, CC view (head to foot) and mediolateral oblique, MLO (angled side view) of the breast are taken in screening mammography. Extra views such as geometrically magnified and spot-compressed views of particular area of concern may be taken in diagnostic mammography. While performing the craniocaudal (CC) view, the mammography unit is positioned with the breast support gameboard (image sense organ holder) horizontal and the height adjusted to slightly above the level of patients inframammary angle. The patient is then instructed to face the machine, standing with approximately 5-6cm back, feet lining the machine but body rotated 15-20 away from the side under examination. T his is so that the breast under examination is brought closer to the image receptor holder and aligned with the touch of it. The patients arms hang loosely by her side and head is turned away from the side to be examined. The breast is then lifted gently up and away from the chest wall of patient. While supporting the breast, the height of the machine is adjusted so that the image receptor holder makes contact with the breast at the inframammary fold and the breast is approximately 90 to the chest wall. The breast is then carefully placed in contact with the cassette. Hand is then slowly removed from the breast, whilst ensuring that no skin folds are created underneath the breast. Patients arm of the side under examination is then flexed at the elbow and the slip by is placed on the patients lower abdomen or relaxed at the side of the trunk. This relaxes the pectoral muscle. Patients shoulder is gently pressed down to bring the outer quadrant of the breast into contact with the i mage receptor. Slight pressure is maintained at the patients back to ensure she does not inadvertently pull back from the unit and cause some tissue to be lost from the resultant image. Radiographers thumb is then placed n the medial aspect and middle finger on the superior aspect of the breast, gently drag forward towards the nipple while the compression is applied slowly. Radiographers other hand is placed on the patients shoulder of the side being examined to ensure that it stays relaxed. The light beam diaphragm can be used during the application of compression. This is to ensure the nipple is in profile, all breast is included in the main beam, both medial and lateral margins are included, no skin folds and an adequate breast compression. A CC marker with left or right identifier is positioned on the alary edge of the cassette, within the primary beam. Patient is strongly advised not to move and the projection is done quickly after that. The same CC mapping is performed on bo th left and right breast. The CC view with the same procedure is performed on patients both breasts.Besides the CC view, a mediolateral oblique (MLO) view of patients both breasts is also taken for screening mammogram. The positioning of patients for left breast MLO view is to have patient facing the mammography unit with feet pointing towards it. From the position used for CC projection, the unit is rotated through 45 with the x-ray tube on patients right and the beam angled caudally. The height is adjusted to bring the lower telephone of cassette 2.5cm below the inferior portion of the left breast. It may be necessary to further adjust the height during patient positioning. The lateral edge of the left of the thorax is in line with the image receptor holder so that the left breast also lies conterminous to it. The radiographer then stands arse and slightly to the right of patient. Patient is then asked to raise her left arm and chin. The raising of chin may prevent the superim position of the mandible over the breast. Patients left breast is then held with right hand and patient is kept in position by holding on to the right shoulder. Patient who is advised to lean forward into machine with feet still facing forward is asked to lean slightly laterally. The left axilla of patient should lie over the corner of image receptor that is nearest to chest wall. Radiographer then harvest-time to life the posterior skin edge of the left axilla to prevent skin folds from occurring. Patients left arm is then pulled across and behind the image receptor holder. Patients elbow is also flexed so that the forearm can be placed on the unit for support and elbow is positioned so that it hangs down comfortably behind the holder. The humeral head is gently pushed forward and the corner of image receptor lies in the axilla, anterior to posterior fold. While the patient maintains the position, radiographer double check to ensure there is no skin fold in the axilla or under the lateral aspect of the breast and to check for and remove any creases at the inframammary angle. The breast is then lifted up and away from the chest wall while holding the patients left shoulder. The breast is then placed on the image receptor and compression is applied. Projection on the left breast is then taken. The same MLO view projection is then repeated vice versa on the right breast of patient.Upon completion of the examination, patient is advised to change back to her clothes. Patient is then escorted out and at the same time patient is informed on her next appointment for the review of results with the radiologist. Any discussion on the results with patient prior to the review of radiologist is prohibited.Mammography has been long known to be an effective modality for breast screening. Such examination improves physicians ability to detect small tumors and early treatment can be performed to reduce mortality rate. Mammogram is also the only proven method to reliably detec t tumors as well as all types of breast cancer, including invasive ductal and invasive lobular cancer. Radiation used in mammography examination is of low dosage and usually has no side effects towards patient. Moreover, radiation does not remain in patients body after the examination. Despite its benefits in the purpose of screening and diagnostic, mammography poses certain risks towards its patients. There is a slight chance of cancer from excessive exposure to radiation. The effective radiation dose for this procedure varies depending on the thickness of tissue. However, radiographers are trained to use the lowest radiation dose possible for radiation protection purposes while producing the best images for evaluation. False positive mammogram is also one of the risks in performing mammogram. Five percent to 15 percent of screening mammograms need more testing such as additional view for mammograms or ultrasonography to further determine suspected abnormality. Most of the further tests turn out to be normal. However if there is an abnormal finding, biopsy may be performed on the patient to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Women above the age of 40 are normally advised for a mammogram annually as they pose a higher risk of being diagnose with breast cancer. However, an ultrasound is more preferably performed on patients below the age of 40 as their breasts tissue is denser. hold out but not least, women of all age should go for routine breast check up regularly for early detection on any breast abnormalities.Above diagram shows a conventional cassette film mammogram machine.Above diagram shows a Craniocaudal (CC) mammography view in progress.Above diagram shows a Mediolateral Oblique (MLO) view in progress.Above diagram shows a normal (left) mammography image compared to cancerous (right) mammography image.

Native American History Essay -- American Indian Culture

Popular culture has shaped our understanding and perception of Native American culture. From Disney to literature has given the picture of the blood thirsty dun of the beginning colonialism in the new world to the Noble Savage, a trait painted by non-native the West ( statesman and Lewis 184) and this has influenced many a(prenominal) non native perceptions. What many outsiders do not see is the difference of opinion Native American have on day to day bases. Each generation of Native American is on a struggle to keep their traditions alive, but to function in school and ultimately graduate. The long history between Native American and Europeans are a strained and all-fired one. For the time of Columbuss subsequent visits to the new world, native culture has been under a microscope. They were viewed in a scope of inferiority that caused Europeans to think that they compulsory them to teach them the correct way of life (Landsman and Lewis 184). The want for goods soon characterize d interaction with settlers and the want for a stable trading relationship, becoming more apparent with the french Trappers (How the Land). The French were able to integrate into the Native society and understand with great respect, while the British only saw economic relationships with marriage (How the Land). The history of Native American were from a biased prospective and preventing the true nature Native American to be evident among livid settlers. Many of whom welcomed white settlements for the prospect of new trade post and trading goods (How the Land).Through the hardship and perseverance the education systems us still a struggle that many native people still have today. It is the history of the education through boarding schools that causes distrust for the current... ...cahy interview of Mary L. Wingerd. Minnesota in the public eye(predicate) Radio. 07 Sept. 2010. Web. 07 Oct. 2011McCallum, Laura. States Told to Improve American Indian Student Achievement. Minnesota. Publicradio.org. Minnesota Public Radio, 16 May 2007. Web. 07 Oct. 2011.Landsman, Julie G., and Chance W. Lewis. White Teachers/ Diverse Classrooms. Sterling Stylus, 2011. PrintProfessor wants to Foster New extension of Ojibwe Speakers. Hosted by Kate Smith Interview of Anton Treuer. Minnesota Public Radio. 09 Sept. 2010. Web. 07 Oct. 2011.Robertson, Tom. Red Lake Student Score Lower than Other Indian Kids on Standardized Test.Minnesota.Publicradio.org. Minnesota Public Radio, 06 June 2004. Web. 07 Oct. 2011.Weber, Tom. Study Few Academic Gains for American Indian Students. Minnesota. Publicradio.org. Minnesota Public Radio, 30 June 2010. Web. 07 Oct. 2011.

Name: Come live with me and be my love Essay -- English Literature

Name interpose live with me and be my have intercourseFocus Marlowes use of delivery in communicating the meaning of the poetry and how his poem is a memorable one.The poem come live with me and be my love is a love poem writtenby Christopher Marlowe, persuading his love to come and spend sometime with him. It is a poem full of romantic and passionate words thatform inborn imagery to convey the poets feelings and what he means.By the way the poet uses words to persuade his love, makes the poemsimilar to the poem, To his coy mistress.In the first stanza, the poet says, Come live with me and be mylove. He just says come and does not add please to show her a bitof urgency but in a polite or calm tone. He stresses on the fact thathe wants her to come and have a romantic time by saying, and be mylove. In the next sentence, And we will all the pleasures prove.Already, he has started saying we to show that he really wants to bewith her. He to a fault wants to asseverate his love that he will give her anice time when he says, All the pleasures prove. He then continueshis sentence with, that valleys, groves, hills, and fields woodwind instrument orsteepy mountains yields, He says this to tell her where he wants themto go which is basically nature places. He uses the nature words tocreate natural imagery to show a wider imagination. Also he usesnature because already he can feel a sense of freshness and beauty forthe two of them.And we will sit upon the rocks. He says it to tell her what hereally wants then to do. He uses the word, sit and not stand toshow to his love that he wants to spend a long and agreeable timewith her. He also shows that he wants them to have a relaxing time ashe says,... ... these pleasures may thee move, come live with me and be mylove. In this, persona goes straight to the point telling his lovethat if all that he has told her is good enough she should just comeand stay with him. There is also a feeling of him being desperate whenhe says in the last line that, come live with me and be my loveI think that the poem is made memorable by the way the persona usesnatural imagery to relate to his feelings and by the way he uses avery convincing and patch up tone to persuade his love to come and behis love . This twenty line poem is also made memorable by the way thepoet uses rhymes to run across the attention of the reader and the way heuses some old fashioned English to draw attention to the reader suchas, flocks. That is how the poem, come live with me and be my lovewritten by Christopher Marlowe is made memorable.